Viruses Complex Molecules or Simple Life Forms Essay Example For Students

Viruses: Complex Molecules or Simple Life Forms? Essay Viruses have been defined as entities whose genomes are elements ofnucleic acid that replicate inside living cells using the cellular syntheticmachinery, and cause the synthesis of specialised elements that can transfer thegenome to other cells. They are stationaryand are unable to grow. Because ofall these factors, it is debatable whether viruses are the most complex ofmolecules or the simplest life forms. While the definition of living organismsmust be adapted, the majority of evidence leads to the classification of virusesas living organisms. Viruses are composed of a nucleic acid core, a protein capsid, andoccasionally a membraneous envelope. The nucleic acid core is composed ofeither DNA or in the case of retroviruses, RNA, but never both. In retroviruses,the RNA gets transcribed to DNA bye the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Theprotein capsid is a protein layer that wraps around the virus. There are fourbasic shapes of viruses. The tobacco mosiac, adenovirus, influenza virus, andt-even bacteriophage are each examples of a different virus structure. Eachindividual protein subunit composing the capsid is a capsomere. We will write a custom essay on Viruses: Complex Molecules or Simple Life Forms? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The tobacco mosiac virus has a helical capsoid and is rod shaped. Theadenovirus is polyhedral and has a protein spike at each vertex. The influenzavirus is made of a flexible, helecal capsid. It has an outer membranousenevelope that is covered with glycoprotein spikes. The T-even bacteriophageconsists of a polyhedral head and a tail. The tail is used to inject DNA into abacterium while the head stores the DNA. Basic life is defined as the simplest form capable of displaying themost essential attributes of a living thing. This makes the only real criterionfor life the ability to replicate. Only systems containing nucleic acids arecapable of this phenomenon. With this reasoning, a better definition is theunit element of a continuous lineage with an individual evolutionary history. Because of viruses inability to survive when not in a host, they must haveevolved from other forms of life. The origin of viruses is an easy thing totheorize about so many hypothesese have been made. One such hypothesis is that viruses were once complete living parasites. Over time they have lost all other cellular components. This is backed up bythe idea that all cells degenerate over time. Some people think along very similar lines that viruses arerepresentatives of an early nearly living stage of life. This goes along withthe first hypothesis in that it accounts for a loss of components. Allcreatures that become parasitic can be seen losing their obsolete functions andstructures. An example of this is the flea. Fleas are eveolved from flies buthave discarded their unneeded wings. This theory when applied suggests that atleast some branches ofviruses have evolved from bacteria because of their similar natures. Scientists say that at one point viruses could have been independantorganisms. As they slowly became parasitic, the unsed structures for proteinand energy synthesis were lost, along with the inhibiting cell wall. Whileviruses do need a host cell to complete many important functions of livingorganisms, the should still be considered living themselves. The ability to replicate is important to the classification of anitem as living. Within the host, viruses are able to replicate, evolve, andeven mutate. They are deeply intertwined in the life process by thisdependancy on a host. Viruses are very specific to what they can use as a host. Despitethe specificness, many viruses can host withmembers of different species,genus, and even phylums. A lock and key fit determines the host, or hostrange. This works vert similar to that of an enzymes active site. .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .postImageUrl , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:hover , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:visited , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:active { border:0!important; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:active , .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6408b388547cc78e595c6bb92b09f4bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tennyson as a Victorian EssayOnce the virus has found a host cell, the virus uses the hostsnucleotides and enzymes to replicate its DNA. Other materials and machineryof the host cell produce the viruss capsid proteins. The viral DNA andproteins then join to make a new copy of the virus. While viruses are inactive when in transport between hosts, thearguements are overwhelmingly in favor of considering viruses living organisms. Through their parasitic nature, they are able to fulfill most qualities ofliving organisms. Their behavior and complexness also lead to thisclassification. While they are not the text book example of living organisms,is has been in agreement that there always will be exceptions to the rules. Viruses deserve to take their rightful place among the ranks of living organisms. . Category: Science

The Pursuit of Happyness Film Review Essay

The Pursuit of Happyness Film Review Essay The Pursuit of Happyness Film Review Essay Example The Pursuit of Happyness Film Review Essay Example It is widely known that public view of business is not always favorable. Rather, people treat business companies as ready for everything for the sake of profit. Therefore, society tends to approach businesses and industry with cynicism and mistrust. Media contributes a lot to that view. Most often, different movies depict such negative business aspects as preoccupation with gain, severe competition, and acceptance of unethical practices. The movie â€Å"The Pursuit of Happyness† is not an exception. It presents a business world as a competitive and quite an unfair environment. The first encounter of the protagonist of the movie with the business world reveals a fussy nature of the local business. It appears as if everybody is obsessed with his or her work. The employees seemingly have no rest. The reason is that money is the main value, and no one wants to waste it. It is clear that the employees compete with each other, and the fittest survives in business. In addition, the viewers find out more about the nature of business as the plot uncovers. When Chris decides to apply for a probation period, the viewers learn about the real essence of brokers’ company. First, the competitive motive appears during the probation period. Only one of twenty probationers can become a broker. It urges the potential workers to compete. The next competitive moment is noticeable, as well. From his manager, Chris learns that the probationers should do everything to win the clients. It means that the company welcomes all sorts of manipulations to gain profit. It looks as if the theory of utilitarianism is in action as â€Å"utilitarianism [†¦] states that actions are not good or bad in themselves, but only in so far as what they are good or bad for† (Somerville and Wood, 2008). It may be appropriate from a business perspective, but it is morally wrong. After all, the clients deserve respect not a treatment as objects of manipulation. The businesses should encourage fair cooperation among the employees and the consumers. On the other hand, the company dehumanizes its potential workers. The manager tells them that only one of competitors will become â€Å"Person.† In the business language, it means that being a person equals being a successful commercial agent. Thus, it shows an approach that only results are important. However, it is unethical to measure a value of a person in money. People should gain recognition for their good work and dedication. Money cannot buy many immaterial things. It can buy loyalty and devotion, and it does not always buy motivation. Apart from living from hand to mouth, Chris Gardner constantly feels himself inferior and underestimated. It is only he, who has to serve the manager for some reasons. The manager treats him as an errand boy. He is the one to buy coffee and doughnuts. These are the activities that some assisting personnel, like a secretary, would do. It leaves an impression that the company exploits its employees. What is more, Chris Gardner is not even an employee yet. He is just a probationer, and his direct duties are studying and acquiring first job skills. All these nuances contribute to the unethical presentation of the business world. This movie depicts businesses and market as rather unethical. This world seems to be preoccupied with gain, full of severe competition, and tolerant to unethical practices. I think this is quite an accurate depiction of business. Still, it does not show the objective picture of the business world. After all, each company has its ethical standards. Only when the personnel maintains an ethical image, they will increase their client base. Besides, organizations have to conduct their business ethically since they are role models for society at large. When the government seizes money from Gardner’s bank account for overdue taxes, it raises a controversial issue. Both government body and the character consider themselves right. In fact, they are both right from two different perspectives. On the one hand, the government is right because it acts legally. According to the laws regarding taxes, each taxpayer needs to pay his or her taxes on time. More than that, all citizens are equal before the law. Chris Gardner is no different from other taxpayers. It is clear from the letter they sent him. It looks like a standard blank with a standard text in it. Law institutions do not care if a person is able to pay taxes or not. They oblige citizens to pay them based on the local enforcements. Technically, the protagonist of the movie has to pay taxes as he has a job according to the official documentation. After all, he had signed a contract with the company manufacturing portable bone-density scanners. Therefore, even if selling these scanners is not always profitable, he has to pay taxes every month. In addition, the citizens have easy access to all the information about paying taxes. Thus, everyone knows the time limits of paying taxes and the consequences of delay. It means that Chris Gardner could also know that he was under risk of seizure. As a consequence, he is guilty in the eye of justice. At the same time, governmental approach stays in line with the theory of deontology. In terms of the idea of this phenomenon, â€Å"deontological ethics is about following universal norms that prescribe what people ought to do, how they should behave, and what is right or wrong† (Van Staveren, 2007). As a result, as long as taxpayers pay the taxes, they are considered t o be good. On the other hand, the protagonist of the movie is right, as well. From the ethical point of view, the government breaks the rules of ethical laws. First, it violates the principles of justice. It is inhumane and unfair to take the last money from the person. After all, â€Å"over and above mere human law there is an objective moral order, the ‘natural law’, which sets limits to the power of rulers† (Somerville and Wood, 2008). By seizure, the government leaves Chris with no means to exist. Thus, it looks like the government acts as a thief of someone’s money. To add even more, bank account information is private data. Private information is protected from violation under the law. Chris Gardner is the only person who can claim access to his personal bank account. Therefore, if internal revenue service takes his money, it acts unethically. Third, this governmental body does not obtain his informed consent to the seizure. It looks as if they act behind his ba ck. From the ethical perspective, they should have warned Chris about the seizure in case he would further delay the payment. What is more, Chris Gardner learns that there is nothing he can do. It means that he has no choice anymore, and so he goes bankrupt. This film is about the pursuit of happiness, not money. I can judge it from the way Chris Gardner behaves. He does not seem to be one of those mercantile people. He does not quit his job because it does not bring him profit. Besides, he does not manipulate his potential customers forcing them to buy something. The point is his unlucky career does not affect his mood at large. Even when Chris lives on the verge of poverty, it does not make him miserable. He still can see good things in life, and he is able of joking. In all his acts, the signs of care ethics are visible. His main desire is to provide for his family. His actions support, maintain, and further existing relationships, involve nurturing other people, and are reflective of empathy to those vulnerable. He recognizes that â€Å"all situations, particularly those where action must be taken, have ethical characteristics† and that â€Å"the relationship is the core values† (Hawk, 2011). That understanding motivates him to move further, not for himself, but for others. Furthermore, the character does not fall into despair as most of people would do being in his place. Above all that, he spends a lot of time with his son and teaches him not to give up using his own example. All these facts suggest that his happiness does not consist in money. His happiness is about his mindset, about his beliefs and his hope. Without the positive thinking and hope, he would truly be a miserable man. Apart from that, Chris is constantly thinking about the words of Jefferson. He dwells on the innate rights of every human being. The search of happiness is one of the basic rights, which means it does not depend on someone’s wealth. It is an inherent part of human nature. Therefore, the hero does not relate his happiness to the money he has. Meanwhile, one cannot say that happiness and money are unrelated things. Based on the plot of the film, money determines the environment in which people live. At first, the family of Gardner lives in a fine house. They have a relatively nice interior and comfort living. This environment has an influence on the emotional setting of the family. As their financial condition worsens, the number of conflicts increases. Finally, Chris’s wife Linda leaves him as she cannot stand living in debts anymore. Besides, she sees no possibilities to improve their financial position. Then, as the plot uncovers, Chris and the boy have to move to another place. Still, the money runs out. Next, they have to live in a motel, and they end up on the street. After the bankruptcy, the father and the son lose a place of living. It is clear that it disappoints the little boy, but he still believes his father is â€Å"cool.† Therefore, even when the pursuit of happiness and the pursuit of money ar e not the same, they are interrelated. Money can influence happiness but not determine its quality in general. I think the word ‘happyness’ is misspelled in the title on purpose. The author of the movie draws the viewers’ attention to the misspelled word from the beginning. The location of the word is very important. It is painted on the wall near the kindergarten in the Chinatown. It means that Chris’s happiness is located in that kindergarten. To him, happiness is to be with his son. The only thing he wants in return is trust. He constantly asks little Christopher if he trusts him. Trust stands for love to him. Even when his wife leaves, he insists on keeping the boy. In addition, one can see how important little Christopher is to the father from an episode in Church. There, the viewers may see that the father hugs the son and cries while the choir is singing about the hardships. Therefore, misspelling a word can have a hidden meaning that one may not realize at first. It encourages the viewers to reconsider their own views of happiness. Money can never buy trust, love, and happiness.

The Theory of Obligation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Theory of Obligation - Essay Example The religious obligations prohibit the individuals from committing sins i.e. lying, cheating, adultery, fornication, drinking and disobeying the parents, teachers, and elders at large. Similarly cultural obligations demand for observing the norms, values and traditions, prevailing in the social establishment. Consequently, theory of obligation encompasses all aspects of individual and collective human life in order to make society a peaceful place of living. Great philosopher of ancient Greece Aristotle has presented his Theory of Virtue where he submits to state that the source of all kinds of virtue and goodness is one and the same (Nicomachean Ethics, 1096a30). The notion is universally followed by the thinkers and philosophers by taking it the scale to measure the magnitude of good and positive behaviour of the people and its association with their overall attitude while entering into interaction with others. Aristotle’s mentor Plato has presented the doctrine that Almight y God is the source of all goodness and energy, from Whom all goodness arrives to illuminate the universe. Aristotelian proposition is based upon his famous doctrine of the soul, where body contains the soul, it must possess the qualities attributed to the soul. However, body is frequently stated as materialistic and unholy one in comparison to the soul, which is pure and clean. In other words, goodness of soul can be witnessed through the performances being made by the human body containing the attributes of the soul existing into the body. PART II Keeping in view the Obligation Theory as well as Aristotelian doctrine of Virtue, I will strictly observe kindness, benevolence, meekness, humility, truthfulness, equality and justice while interacting with other members of society. I will stick to these noble principles in my individual and social life. I will pay due heed to my studies, and would strive my best to obtain excellent marks in examination. Hence, I will not deceive my pare nts and teachers, who are making investment of time, and energies on my educational career. I will attend the church on every Sunday in order to pay my humblest gratitude to my Creator for His countless mercies and bounties upon me. I will try to follow the noble teachings manifestly mentioned in the Holy Scripture, which commands me to worship One God, obey my parents, be humble in prayers, respect the elders, love to the younger, exhibit honesty and integrity in transactions, to help the needy, care the neighbours, be polite to others, and refrain from adultery, fornication, lying, deceiving and breaking the Covenant to the Lord (Leviticus, 19). I will be loyal to my peers in the playground, and sincere to my organisation while entering the professional life. I will try my best to work for the good name and fame of my work place. While elaborating my political views, I will vote and support the most suitable, honest and committed candidate, and hence will never take his racial, et hnic and religious background altogether. I will visit community centres and hospitals at least once in fortnight in order to witness the problems faced by the people belonging to my community. I will spend some money on charitable issues, to provide financial and moral support to the downtrodden and needy.

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) - Assignment Example This paper aims to identify major causes of CVD and key steps in CVD management from cohort study designs, as well as to develop leading questions on CVD mitigation for the local health department. Moreover, the paper will also present a rudimentary protocol for disseminating CVD information to local community leaders, while also making recommendations for prevention of CVD in the workplace. There are numerous causes and risk factors of CVD with some like age, ethnicity, and family history being non-modifiable, while others can be changed or treated, such as hypertension, tobacco exposure, physical inactivity, obesity, high cholesterol, harmful alcohol use, and unhealthy diets. Berry et al (2012) found that hypertension is a significant cause for CVD, especially stroke and heart attacks, while abnormal lipid levels in blood including low levels of HDL cholesterol, high levels of LDL, high triglyceride levels, and high total cholesterol also cause CVD, especially stroke and heart attack. In addition, Huxley and Woodward (2011) also find that the use of tobacco over a long time, whether by smoking or chewing it, increases an individual risk of developing CVD, especially where one began to smoke as a young person, is a woman, or smokes very heavily. It was also found that passive smoking causes CVD. Physical inactivity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are identified by Appleto n et al (2013) as major causes of CVD with the former increasing CVD risk by 50% by increasing risk of obesity and subsequent diabetes that, in turn, predisposes individuals to strokes and coronary heart diseases especially in pre-menopausal women. Finally, Van Dierren et al (2012) find that diets with high fat saturation increase CVD risk, while abuse of alcohol damages heart muscle and subsequent CVD and specific medicines like hormone replacement therapy and contraceptive pills

Hofstede Cultural Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hofstede Cultural Theory - Essay Example This is the way the top management treat their subordinates in the work place. The inequality treatment of the employees by the management creates a rift between the top management and low ranked employees. Employees are the source of ideas which might make the organization to be more competitive or avoid some risks and uncertainties that may face the organization. Power distance therefore, creates consultation barriers in case the employees have issues that they want to raise to the top management. The decisions are therefore, made by the top management without incorporating the decisions of the low ranked employees and this might bring about resistance in implementation of the proposal. Power distance can be overcome through open offices where employees are free to consult the top management on a certain issue that is of great concern to them. Team work can on the other hand, bring management closer to the employees as it is easier for employees to elect their leader who will take their grievances to the top management (Khastar et al, 2011, p.321) Collectivism is how people in a society or group in an organization feel as belonging to a group. On the other hand individualism is an aspect where each person acts as a single body without involving others. Top managements are prone to this culture where they exclude other people in the organization and act individually without the involvement of other members who also plays an important role in the success of the organization. This aspect demoralizes the other members of the society who feel left out in running the activities of the organization (Khastar et al, 2011). Masculinity versus feminity is a culture that treats different members depending on their sex. Top leaders create up gender disparities in awarding of chores in the organization. This aspect makes one gender to feel less respected an aspect that have an effect on their overall performance of the minority gender (Khastar et al, 2011, p.321). Lastly, uncertainty avoidance is how the organization is structured to deal with future risks. A culture of team work is one strategy that organization uses in order to come up with ways of fighting risks and uncertainties. Team work comes up with strategies and ideas which are important in shielding the organization from any risks that might occur in the future. Organization avoids uncertainty through insuring their employees and organizational structures against any risks. This gives the employees morale to work harder as they are certain about their future (Khastar et al, 2011, p.321) Hofstede theory has brought changes in the organization through bringing gender balance in the organization. Many organizations have eradicated any practices that could bring gender imbalance. Some of these practices start direct from advertising the vacancies in the organization. The organizations have also ensured that the advertisements are gender neutral so as to give all interested applicants an opport unity to try their luck. In the interview level, questions that are asked by the panel are neutral so as not to discourage the minority gender. Countries have also adapted to the cultural model through putting up strategies to ensure that all genders are well represented in the organizations and institutions (Khastar et al, 2

Marketing Strategies of Hyundai in India

Marketing Strategies of Hyundai in India A marketing strategy explains how the business will achieve the objectives laid down in the overall marketing plan . The marketing strategy explains how the business will reach its target audience , which should lead to an increase in the sales . Marketing strategies should include clearly defined roles and the responsibilities and should also set time scales to each task . A marketing strategy may seem similar to the business strategy , however it is different in that it focuses on one specific aspect of the business , the customers . A business strategy looks at all the components of a business such as the supply chain , the manufacturing operation , human resources and so on . The marketing strategy is only concerned with effecting a plan that will bring the businesses products or services to their target audience . WHY MARKETING STRATEGY IS IMPORTANT ? Marketing plays an important role in the strategic planning process for many organizations . Although some marketing positions are represented at the corporate level , most are at the functional level within the business units of an organization . Marketing is involved in the strategic planning at all organizational levels . Strategic marketing describes the marketing activities that affect the corporate , business,and marketing strategic plans . Strategic marketing activities can be classified into three basic functions . First, marketers help orient everyone in the organization toward markets and the customers . Thus , they are responsible for helping the organizations execute a marketing philosophy throughout the strategic planning process. Second , marketers help gather and analyze the information required to examine the current situation , identify trends in the marketing environment , and assess the potential impact of these trends . This information and analysis provides input for the corporate , business , and marketing strategic plans . Third , marketers are involved in the development of the corporate , business , and marketing strategic plans . Marketings influence varies across the organizations . For organizations driven by a marketing philosophy , marketing necessarily plays a key role in the strategic decision making . The trend toward pushing the strategic planning responsibility further down the organization is increasing the marketings clout in an organizations strategic planning process . Marketing management relates to specific product the marketing strategies . It differs from strategic marketing in its basic orientation . Strategic marketing focuses on the broad strategic decisions at the corporate and the business levels . Marketing management is concerned , by contrast , with specific strategic decisions for individual products and the day-to-day activities needed to execute these strategies successfully . At the operating level , marketing managers must focus on the four Ps of the marketing mix : price, product, promotion, and place . The strategic role of the marketing and marketing management are now in a period of considerable change and evolution . These changes are due to a number of important environmental phenomena that are affecting the way many firms do the business. To begin, many well known companies work closely with dedicated partners on the supply side and the distributor side of their business , expecting their distributors to play pro-active roles in the development of the services and marketing strategy . For example on the supply side , the modern day Nike does very little manufacturing of its own and focuses largely on the marketing . In this vein , companies such as this are actually embedded in the business networks , comprising strategic alliances among the suppliers, distributors , and the marketing firm . MARKETING STRATEGIES OF HYUNDAI MOTORS IN INDIA HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY The Hyundai Motor Company is a South Korean multinational automaker headquartered in Seoul , South Korea . Hyundai was founded in 1967 and it along with Kia , together comprise the Hyundai Motor Group , which is the worlds fourth largest automobile manufacturer based on annual vehicle sales in 2010 . In 2008 , Hyundai (without Kia) ranked as the eighth largest automaker . In 2012 , Hyundai sold over 3.6 million vehicles worldwide . Hyundai operates the worlds largest integrated automobile manufacturing facility in Ulsan , which is capable of producing 1.6 million units annually . The company employees about 75,000 persons worldwide . Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through some 6,000 dealerships and showrooms . Chung Ju-Yung founded the Hyundai Engineering and Construction Company in 1947 . Hyundai Motor Company was later established in 1967 . The companys first model , the Cortina , was released in cooperation with Ford Motor Company in 1968 . When Hyundai wanted to develop their own car , they hired George Turnbull , the former Managing Director of Austin Morris at British Leyland . He in turn hired five other top British car engineers . They were Kenneth Barnett body design , engineers John Simpson and Edward Chapman , John Crosthwaite ex -BRM as chassis engineer and Peter Slater as chief development engineer . In 1975 , the Pony , the first Korean car , was released, with styling by Giorgio Giugiaro of ItalDesign and power train technology provided by Japans Mitsubishi Motors . Exports began in the following year to Ecuador and soon thereafter to the Benelux countries . HYUNDAI IN INDIA Hyundai Motor India Limited is currently the second largest auto exporter from India . It is making India the global manufacturing base for the small cars . Hyundai sells several models in India , the most popular being the Santro Xing , i10 and the i20 . Other models include Getz Prime, Accent, Terracan, Elantra, second generation Verna, Tucson, Santa Fe and the Sonata Transform . Hyundai has two manufacturing plants in India located at Sriperumbudur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.. Both plants have a combined annual capacity of 600,000 units . In the year 2007, Hyundai opened its RD facility in Hyderabad , employing now nearly 450 engineers from different parts of the country . Hyundai Motor India Engineering (HMIE) gives technical engineering support in Vehicle development and CAD CAE support to Hyundais main RD center in Namyang Korea . In 2010 , Hyundai started its design activities at Hyderabad RD Center with the Styling, Digital Design Skin CAD Teams . South Korean car maker Hyundai, which as per reports is also worlds fastest growing automaker and fourth largest car manufacturer across the globe , has launched a new car , Hyundai EON in October 2011 in India . Eon is an entry-level car but at the same time it is very spacious with a large boot . The car has 814 cc engine, promising to deliver the mileage of over 20 km per litre . MARKETING STRATEGIES OF HYUNDAI IN INDIA Target Markets Hyundai marketing strategy is differentiated marketing.The primary consumer target is middle to upper income professionals , who need value for their money and comfortable ride in city conditions .The secondary consumer target is college students who need style and speed . The primary business target is mid sized to large sized corporates that want to help their managers and employess by providing them a car with ease of transport . The secondary business target is entrepreneurs and small business owners who want to provide discounts to managers buying a new car. Marketing Communications By integrating all messages in all media the Hyundai will reinforce the brand name main points of product differentiation . Research about media consumption , pattern will help the advertising agency to choose appropriate media and timing to reach prospects before during the product introduction .Thereafter , advertising will appeared on a pulsing basis to maintain brand awareness and communicate various differentiation messages . The agency will also co-ordinate public relation efforts to build Hyundai brand support the differentiation message . To attract market attention encourage purchasing , the Hyundai offer a limited time , registration insurance . To attract ,retain motivate channel partners for a push strategy , the Hyundai use trade sales promotions and personal selling to channel partner . Road shows The company plans to stage road shows , to display vehicles in the pavilions during various college festivals and exhibition . This will appeal to youngsters more and attracts them towards the cars of Hyundai. Television advertisements Advertisements to promote and market the products will be shown on leading television channels. Major music and sports channels will promote and they will reach out to the youth will be promoted through Star , Zee , Sony and Doordarshan etc as it has more viewers . Radio Radio is the medium with the widest coverage . Studies have recently shown high levels of exposure to radio broadcasting both within urban and rural areas , whether or not listeners actually own a set.. So radio announcements will be made and advertisements will be announced on the radio about the products features and price, qualities, etc. Print Ads Daily advertisements in leading newspapers and magazines will be used to promote the products. Leaflets at the initial stage will be distributed at railway stations, malls, college areas and various other locations . Workshops and Seminars Workshops and seminars will be held in colleges and big corporate to make people aware about the companies past performance and products features , their affordability and usage , vast distribution network . Road shows will be conducted where free trials of the cars would be given . Banners, neon signs Hoardings , banners , neon signs will be displayed at clubs , discs , outside theatres and shops to promote the brand cars . Booklets and pamphlets Booklets will be kept at car showrooms , retail battery outlets , etc for the customer to read. These booklets will provide information about the company , the products offered which suits the customers need accordingly . Rural Marketing Hyundai Motors India has introduced a new marketing initiative Ghar Ghar Ki Pehchaan to tap the India rural car market . The company has rolled out special schemes for government employees in rural areas and members of gram panchayats on the purchase of Santro . Hyundai Motor is keen to expand its market to rural areas with setting up 300 new rural sale outlets , all this expansion is in progress for the launch of the cheapest car from the Hyundai stable until November this year . Currently Hyundai is maintaining its standard 325 dealership outlets within cities and this new expansion strategy could make the rural outlet number network extend to 1,000 . Hyundai Motors , Indias second largest car manufacturer has announced to generate employment for about 2,000 sales executives at these rural outlets . According to Hyundai Motors , the car markets which are present in areas outside the superior 40 cities are marked under rural areas . Arvind Saxena , director of marketing sales at Hyundai Motor India given in an interview to Financial Chronicle said that the company has already placed 700 new outlets at rural areas with 300 more coming in way within the next few months . These outlets are just the basic models made with small investments and these are not the typical permanent outlets made with brick and stone . Their basic plan is to give a feel to rural folks with car demonstrations , test drives in addition with basic little repair requirements . The size dimensions for these rural showrooms would be 900 sq ft.. Around 150 of these rural outlet showrooms would house a 2,000 sq ft service workshop of their own . A four member team is made with 2 sales and two executives for service by the Korean Autocar giant for the rural model and they will visit the rural outlets at regular intervals. The ever increasing importance of rural areas is signified from figures which show that they contribute about 31 per cent in sales for the company. According to Saxena the company plans to generate 33 per cent share, by the end of 2013 from these rural models as they help amazingly in increasing the sales. It is estimated that 356,717 cars were sold by Hyundai n 2012.

Hard Times: Struggle Of Fact Vs Imagination And Struggle Between Two C :: essays research papers

Hard Times: Struggle of Fact vs Imagination and Struggle Between Two Classes Charles Dickens' novel, Hard Times, is a story of two struggles--the struggle of fact versus imagination and the struggle between two classes. It takes place in Coketown, and industrial-age English city. The novel is divided into two sections. One deals with the struggle of upper class members of society and their struggle to learn the value of imagination. The other involves a working class man who is trapped by those in that upper class who trap him in a dreary existence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Gradgrind, the father of Louisa, Tom, and June not only stresses facts in the classroom in which he teaches, but also at home to his family. Thomas has brought up his children to know nothing but facts. Everything is black and white,right or wrong-- nothing in between. He discourages such fanciful motions as going to the circus or having flowered carpet. Everyone knows, one cannot have flowered carpet. One would trample all over them and they would end up dying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Hard Times, two classes are relevant in Coketown. The upper class, which were few in numbers, are dominant over the middle class, which is larger in numbers. Stephen Blackpool represents the working class. He is a warm- hearted man trapped in thes run down society. He feels he deserves this mediocre lifestyle. Blackpool was originally employed under Bounderby, but is fired for standing up for his beliefs. This type of behavior was totally unacceptable during the period of time as it involved imagination and independance. Bounderby portrayed himself as a self-made man,when in fact, he had eveything handed to him with a silver spoon. His mother gave him the very best of everything, including a wonderful education. This demonstrates that the upper and middle classes were not just two different classes, but two different

United Kingdom and British Professionals

Developed country with a population that can afford to buy this soap 5. High Population, it is good for the soap business because they can reach a larger portion of the population 6.Both the upper social strata Brazilian politicians, business elite, middle working class, or lower manual workers, they go out to work, entertainment or leisure time, is bound to go take a shower, dress up. 7. It is Brazil's indigenous welcome etiquette. When the guests arrived, the owner must be the first thing to do is to invite guests burglary bath. The longer guests shower, it means the more respected master.Sometimes, the owner will accompany guests a bath. Both sides while taking a bath conversation seemed everyone intimacy. Although similarities are bound to exist between cultures, the professional conduct of China and the UK do also differ. For example, in China, one often greets the other with a nod or slight bow. Such behaviour is not usually found when interacting with British professionals. In stead, British professionals usually greet each other with a firm hand shake and eye contact – behaviours that are often toned down in China.In a business environment, Chinese professionals usually address each other only by their family name and their professional title, such as Director Chen or Chairman Wu. Because formality is a sign of respect, using someone’s given name is usually avoided; and Chinese professionals tend to clarify how to address their counterparts very early in the meeting. Like China, British professionals also introduce themselves with the same level of formality, and they usually wait to use the first names until the counterpart has used yours or asked to call them by their first name.Where the two countries differ is that British business etiquette is generally more informal and first names are often used right away. With that said, in correspondence, you should begin formally when addressing your correspondent and only switch to an informal m anner when your correspondent does so. When addressing a female professional, if you are uncertain about their marital status, it is best to address her as ‘Ms. ’ – married women also use this title at times.Important to remember that there is no excuse for not using a spell check – and make sure it is set to British English (this is not usually the default in Microsoft Office packages so have a check). When in a professional meeting, the value of punctuality is of as much importance in the UK as it is in China. You should always arrive for a meeting on time or five minutes ahead of schedule. However, if you find yourself delayed, do telephone and provide an estimated time of arrival. In China, it is often assumed that the first person that enters the room is the head of the group or the person of most senior position.By comparison, this isn’t always the case in the UK and you will need to look for clues, for example they are shown to their chair. L ike China, the objectives of a meeting should be indicated ahead of time in the UK, and the participants of a meeting will expect that if a meeting is scheduled for one hour, it will last one hour. The two countries also commonly like to begin the meeting with small talk, although British meetings will then swiftly move to the topics at hand. In both China and the UK, business cards are exchanged between the parties meeting.However, where the two countries differ is that while in China, the business cards are exchanged at the beginning of the meeting in the UK they are exchanged at the end. Not everyone has business cards or carries them, so if someone fails to produce one, don’t take it personally. Remember, when you reserve a place to attend an event, should you find you cannot attend, you should inform the organizer. Not only is this polite for the organizer, but it also may mean that someone else could take your place that otherwise may not have been able to attend if the re are limited places available! United Kingdom and British Professionals Developed country with a population that can afford to buy this soap 5. High Population, it is good for the soap business because they can reach a larger portion of the population 6ï ¼Å½Both the upper social strata Brazilian politicians, business elite, middle working class, or lower manual workers, they go out to work, entertainment or leisure time, is bound to go take a shower, dress upï ¼Å½It is Brazil's indigenous welcome etiquette. When the guests arrived, the owner must be the first thing to do is to invite guests burglary bath. The longer guests shower, it means the more respected master. Sometimes, the owner will accompany guests a bath.Both sides while taking a bath conversation seemed everyone intimacy. Although similarities are bound to exist between cultures, the professional conduct of China and the UK do also differ. For example, in China, one often greets the other with a nod or slight bow. Such behaviour is not usually found when interacting with British professiona ls. Instead, British professionals usually greet each other with a firm hand shake and eye contact – behaviours that are often toned down in China.In a business environment, Chinese professionals usually address each other only by their family name and their professional title, such as Director Chen or Chairman Wu. Because formality is a sign of respect, using someone’s given name is usually avoided; and Chinese professionals tend to clarify how to address their counterparts very early in the meeting.Like China, British professionals also introduce themselves with the same level of formality, and they usually wait to use the first names until the counterpart has used yours or asked to call them by their first name. Where the two countries differ is that British business etiquette is generally more informal and first names are often used right away.With that said, in correspondence, you should begin formally when addressing your correspondent and only switch to an infor mal manner when your correspondent does so. When addressing a female professional, if you are uncertain about their marital status, it is best to address her as ‘Ms.’ – married women also use this title at times. Important to remember that there is no excuse for not using a spell check – and make sure it is set to British English (this is not usually the default in Microsoft Office packages so have a check).When in a professional meeting, the value of punctuality is of as much importance in the UK as it is in China. You should always arrive for a meeting on time or five minutes ahead of schedule. However, if you find yourself delayed, do telephone and provide an estimated time of arrival. In China, it is often assumed that the first person that enters the room is the head of the group or the person of most senior position.By comparison, this isn’t always the case in the UK and you will need to look for clues, for example they are shown to their chai r. Like China, the objectives of a meeting should be indicated ahead of time in the UK, and the participants of a meeting will expect that if a meeting is scheduled for one hour, it will last one hour. The two countries also commonly like to begin the meeting with small talk, although British meetings will then swiftly move to the topics at hand.In both China and the UK, business cards are exchanged between the parties meeting. However, where the two countries differ is that while in China, the business cards are exchanged at the beginning of the meeting in the UK they are exchanged at the end. Not everyone has business cards or carries them, so if someone fails to produce one, don’t take it personally. Remember, when you reserve a place to attend an event, should you find you cannot attend, you should inform the organizer. Not only is this polite for the organizer,  but it also may mean that someone else could take your place that otherwise may not have been able to attend if there are limited places available!

The blowflies Essays

The blowflies Essays The blowflies Essay The blowflies Essay Background The insects that have been most extensively studied in relation to their forensic utilizations are the blow flies, members of the Calliphoridae fly household in peculiar their larvae because they are the insects most normally associated with cadavers. Blowflies are normally the first to colonize a organic structure after decease, frequently within hours. The larval phase is the chief period in which blow flies face limited nutrient resources, when the to the full adult 3rd instar larvae halt eating ; they normally migrate in hunt of a topographic point to pupate. Because blow fly pupae can supply utile forensic grounds it is of import to cognize where the pupae are likely to be located. Methodology This survey was carried out to look into a assortment of factors impacting the pupation behavior of two forensically of import species of blow fly larvae of Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata in dirt. The tunneling behavior of both species was studied in the research lab under controlled conditions. Larva of both Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata were used in six experiments for each status. Principle findings The chief findings were that most of the biological factors had an consequence on the burial behavior in Larvae of Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata. 1. Introduction Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata are two forensically of import species of blow flies since they can get within few proceedingss ( Payne 1965 ) or even few seconds ( DeJong 1995 ) following cadaver exposure. Because of this, the age of the oldest blow flies gives the most accurate grounds of the station mortem interval ( PMI ) . Many other species of fly, beetle and WASP are besides associated with cadavers ensuing in a sequence of insects geting at the organic structure, but as they tend to get after the blow flies, they are less utile in set uping a PMI. Blowfly infestations of human organic structures are a natural result of the flies function in the environment as primary decomposers. The larval infestations are an indispensable constituent of the natural recycling of organic affair and, on human organic structures ; they can supply critical grounds to the timing and cause of decease. Adult blow flies are good adapted to feeling and turn uping the beginnings of smells of decay, eggs are normally laid in dark and damp topographic points such as the eyes, oral cavity and unfastened sores. The eggs so rapidly hatch into first instar larvae which feed quickly, and shed their tegument twice to go through through 2nd and 3rd instars until they finish feeding, or one time the nutrient resource has become unavailable. After the to the full adult 3rd instar larvae halt eating and demo no farther response towards nutrient, depending on the species the larvae leave in hunt of a suited topographic point to pupate. They may travel many metres before tunneling into the dirt. The larva so contracts and the cuticle hardens and darkens to organize the puparium, within which the pupa transforms into an grownup fly. When the fly emerges, the empty puparial instance is left behind as grounds of the blow flies development. However, there are many biological factors that affect the pupation behavior of larvae in dirt. These factors include temperature, dirt wet content, dirt compression, every bit good as the consequence of pre entombment and high denseness. All the mentioned factors need to be considered when finding a PMI, nevertheless for many of them, small information is available. Furthermore, there are several surveies on the influence of temperature on the behavior of tunneling in larvae of blow flies such as the one done by Gomes ( 2009 ) . The survey of larvae burying behavior is of import to better apprehension of one of the procedure during larval scattering, and to seek and understand the influence of biological variables on this behavior The present survey was conducted to look into factors that influence the burial behavior in post-feeding 3rd instar blow fly larvae of Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata to measure if these two species have a different pupation form in the different interventions. 2. Materials and Methods C. vomitoria and L. sericata were collected ; one 1000 and 60 of each species in the concluding 3rd instar phase were used for these experiments. The dirt used was John Innes No 2 potting compost ; all six experiments were carried out utilizing the chief stuffs mentioned. 2.1. Determination of normal burial deepness and how this is affected by temperature Nine plastic containers were filled with dirt to a deepness of 24cm and were placed in an brooder so as to let the dirt to make the temperatures required. Three of the containers had to make 10AÂ °C, the other three had to make a temperature of 20AÂ °C, and the balance each at 28AÂ °C. Fifteen larvae of Lucilia were so placed onto the dirt surface of each of the containers ; three at 10AÂ °C, 20AÂ °C and 28AÂ °C. The same was done to the larvae of Calliphora, and the clip of how long it took the larvae to tunnel into the dirt was observed, i.e. , how long is it before the first and last larva burrows down. Similarly observations were made to see whether the larvae resurface and how if they do how shortly. A sum of 18 containers were so covered with muslin fabric kept steadfastly in place by a gum elastic set and left for seven yearss. 2.2. Determination of the consequence of wet content Six plastic containers were filled with dirt to a deepness of 24cm, so 100ml of H2O was added to three of the containers and these were labelled as moist. 500ml of H2O was added to each of the balance and these were labelled as moisture. The containers were so left for 40 proceedingss in order for the H2O to be absorbed, after which 15 larvae of Lucilia were added into each of the six containers, three moisture and three moist. The same was done to the larvae of Calliphora, and so the clip of how long it took for the larvae to tunnel into the dirt was counted and all twelve containers were placed into an brooder at 20AÂ °C. 2.3. Determination of the consequence of pre-burial 1 centimeter of dirt was added to the underside of a fictile container, and 15 larvae of Lucilia were added and covered with 10cm bed of dirt, and this was replicated twice. Besides 10cm bed of dirt was added to the underside of another container, and 15 larvae of Lucilia were added but this clip they were covered with 20cm bed of dirt and this was replicated twice. The exact same was done to the larvae of Calliphora. After the larvae were buried to a deepness of 10cm or 20cm, observations were made to look into how long it took for the first maggot to make the surface, and the figure of larvae on the surface was counted at 15, 30, 45 and 60 proceedingss. All 12 containers were so placed in an brooder at 20AÂ °C. 2.4. Determination of the consequence of dirt compression Dirt was compacted into six containers to a deepness of 24cm, and so 15 larvae of Lucilia were added to each of the three containers. Besides 15 larvae of Calliphora were added to the other three containers, and observations were made to look into how long it took for the larvae to tunnel into the dirt, i.e. , how long was it before the first and last larva were burrowed. All six containers were incubated at 20AÂ °C and so left for seven yearss. 2.5. Determination of the consequence of larval denseness Three fictile containers were filled with extremely heavy dirt to a deepness of 24cm, and 150 larvae of Lucilia were added to each container. The same was done to the larvae of Calliphora, and observations were so made to see how long it took for the first and last larvae to tunnel down. All six containers were covered with muslin fabric kept steadfastly in place by a gum elastic set and incubated at 20AÂ °C. 2.6. Determination of the distance moved by the post-feeding phase of C. vomitoria and L. sericata from their eating site 500 post-feeding larvae of the two species were released on a grassland country on the Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool John Moore University, UK. After 7 yearss dirt nucleus samples were taken from the environing dirt and were searched in order to turn up the pupae. After the larvae pupated in all of the experiments, they were located and removed from the dirt as follows: a line was drawn every 2cm on the side of all the containers up until a dirt deepness of 24cm utilizing a lasting marker pen, after which the figure of pupae found on the surface was counted and removed. Furthermore, each 2cm bed of dirt was so carefully removed utilizing a spatula and placed onto a fictile sheet where it was exhaustively searched, and the figure of all the pupae of all the containers of the five experiments was calculated. All five experiments were undertaken at a lab temperature of 20AÂ °C. However, there are many biological factors that affect the pupation behavior of larvae in dirt. These factors include temperature, dirt wet content, dirt compression, every bit good as the consequence of pre entombment and high denseness. All the mentioned factors need to be considered when finding a PMI, nevertheless for many of them, small information is available. Furthermore, there are several surveies on the influence of temperature on the behavior of tunneling in larvae of blow flies such as the one done by Gomes ( 2009 ) . The survey of larvae burying behavior is of import to better apprehension of one of the procedure during larval scattering, and to seek and understand the influence of biological variables on this behavior The present survey was conducted to look into factors that influence the burial behavior in post-feeding 3rd instar blow fly larvae of Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata to measure if these two species have a different pupation form in the different interventions. 2. Materials and Methods C. vomitoria and L. sericata were collected ; one 1000 and 60 of each species in the concluding 3rd instar phase were used for these experiments. The dirt used was John Innes No 2 potting compost ; all six experiments were carried out utilizing the chief stuffs mentioned. 2.1. Determination of normal burial deepness and how this is affected by temperature Nine plastic containers were filled with dirt to a deepness of 24cm and were placed in an brooder so as to let the dirt to make the temperatures required. Three of the containers had to make 10AÂ °C, the other three had to make a temperature of 20AÂ °C, and the balance each at 28AÂ °C. Fifteen larvae of Lucilia were so placed onto the dirt surface of each of the containers ; three at 10AÂ °C, 20AÂ °C and 28AÂ °C. The same was done to the larvae of Calliphora, and the clip of how long it took the larvae to tunnel into the dirt was observed, i.e. , how long is it before the first and last larva burrows down. Similarly observations were made to see whether the larvae resurface and how if they do how shortly. A sum of 18 containers were so covered with muslin fabric kept steadfastly in place by a gum elastic set and left for seven yearss. 2.2. Determination of the consequence of wet content Six plastic containers were filled with dirt to a deepness of 24cm, so 100ml of H2O was added to three of the containers and these were labelled as moist. 500ml of H2O was added to each of the balance and these were labelled as moisture. The containers were so left for 40 proceedingss in order for the H2O to be absorbed, after which 15 larvae of Lucilia were added into each of the six containers, three moisture and three moist. The same was done to the larvae of Calliphora, and so the clip of how long it took for the larvae to tunnel into the dirt was counted and all twelve containers were placed into an brooder at 20AÂ °C. 2.3. Determination of the consequence of pre-burial 1 centimeter of dirt was added to the underside of a fictile container, and 15 larvae of Lucilia were added and covered with 10cm bed of dirt, and this was replicated twice. Besides 10cm bed of dirt was added to the underside of another container, and 15 larvae of Lucilia were added but this clip they were covered with 20cm bed of dirt and this was replicated twice. The exact same was done to the larvae of Calliphora. After the larvae were buried to a deepness of 10cm or 20cm, observations were made to look into how long it took for the first maggot to make the surface, and the figure of larvae on the surface was counted at 15, 30, 45 and 60 proceedingss. All 12 containers were so placed in an brooder at 20AÂ °C. 2.4. Determination of the consequence of dirt compression Dirt was compacted into six containers to a deepness of 24cm, and so 15 larvae of Lucilia were added to each of the three containers. Besides 15 larvae of Calliphora were added to the other three containers, and observations were made to look into how long it took for the larvae to tunnel into the dirt, i.e. , how long was it before the first and last larva were burrowed. All six containers were incubated at 20AÂ °C and so left for seven yearss. 2.5. Determination of the consequence of larval denseness Three fictile containers were filled with extremely heavy dirt to a deepness of 24cm, and 150 larvae of Lucilia were added to each container. The same was done to the larvae of Calliphora, and observations were so made to see how long it took for the first and last larvae to tunnel down. All six containers were covered with muslin fabric kept steadfastly in place by a gum elastic set and incubated at 20AÂ °C. 2.6. Determination of the distance moved by the post-feeding phase of C. vomitoria and L. sericata from their eating site 500 post-feeding larvae of the two species were released on a grassland country on the Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool John Moore University, UK. After 7 yearss dirt nucleus samples were taken from the environing dirt and were searched in order to turn up the pupae. After the larvae pupated in all of the experiments, they were located and removed from the dirt as follows: a line was drawn every 2cm on the side of all the containers up until a dirt deepness of 24cm utilizing a lasting marker pen, after which the figure of pupae found on the surface was counted and removed. Furthermore, each 2cm bed of dirt was so carefully removed utilizing a spatula and placed onto a fictile sheet where it was exhaustively searched, and the figure of all the pupae of all the containers of the five experiments was calculated. All five experiments were undertaken at a lab temperature of 20AÂ °C. 3. Statistical Analysis The consequences were expressed as the mean and standard divergence ( S.D ) . The Chi-Square trial was performed to find whether the ascertained frequence distribution differs significantly from the expected one. 4. Results A ; treatment 4.1. Determination of normal burial deepness and how this is affected by temperature The larvae of Calliphora vomitoria burrowed themselves deeper at a temperature of 10AÂ °C to pupate, whereas the larvae of Lucilia sericata remained closer to the surface at the lower and higher temperatures used in this experiment. L.sericata shows normal distribution at 10AÂ °C, nevertheless it stops tunneling at a deepness of 14cm. In contrast, C.vomitoria continues to tunnel to a deepness of 24 but is non equally distributed. The Chi square trial was done for this experiment in order to see if there was a important difference between the specific temperatures used as the graph did nt demo clear differences. The consequences from the trial showed that the distribution of C.vomitoria and L. sericata at a temp of 10AÂ °C was important? 2 ( df 2 ) = 18.30 P gt ; 5.99, ? 2 ( df 2 ) = 17.85 P gt ; 5.99, besides at a temperature of 20AÂ °C for C.vomitoria it was found to be important? 2 ( df 2 ) = 6.49 P gt ; 5.99, and for L. Sericata? 2 ( df 2 ) = 18.30 P gt ; 5.99 important distribution. 4.2. Determination of the consequence of wet content The two species of larvae burrowed themselves up until a deepness of 10cm ; remained close to the surface to pupate in moisture and damp dirt conditions. However, the figure of pupae of C.vomitoria was high in wet dirt. In contrast, the figure of pupae of L.sericata was high in damp dirt. 4.3. Determination of the consequence of pre-burial 4.4. Determination of the consequence of dirt compression It is clear from the consequences that biological factors studied have a important consequence on the burying behavior of the two species of larvae studied in this experiment. The rate of development of all insects is straight dependent on the ambient conditions, chiefly temperature. Between upper and lower thresholds, which vary between species, the higher the temperature, the faster the insects will develop ; the lower the temperature, the slower they will develop. If the ambient temperatures during the period of development are known, so the minimal PMI can be determined. Temperature affected the tunneling behavior of larvae anterior to pupation ( Fig.1 ) . At low temperatures, the metabolic rate may be markedly reduced and this could ensue in greater organic structure weight and a inclination to tunnel deeper in order to get away low temperatures ( Grassberger and Reiter 2002 ) 5. Recognition I would wish to thank Dr Alan Gun for back uping the research reported by supplying the information and equipment. I would besides wish to thank Dr Jeri Bird for his aid in the information analysis. Thankss besides to my lab spouses and co-workers for their aid and support. 6. Mentions Clark, K. , Evans, L. A ; Wall, R. ( 2006 ) Growth rates of the blow fly Lucilia sericata on different organic structure tissues. Forensic Science International 156, 145-149 DeJong GD. An Annotated Checklist of the Calliphoridae ( Diptera ) Of Colorado, With Notes on Carrion Associations and ForensicImportance. Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 1995 ; 67 ( 4 ) : 378-385. Gomes, L. , Gomes, G. , A ; Von Zuben, C.L. ( 2007 ) the influence of temperature on the behavior of tunneling larvae of blow flies, Chrysomya albiceps and Lucilia cuprina, under controlled conditions. Journal of insect science.9, 1536-2442 Gomes, L. , Sanches, M.R. A ; Von Zuben, C.J. ( 2004 ) Dispersal and Burial Behaviour in Larvae of Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya albiceps ( Diptera: Calliphoridae ) . Journal of insect behavior 18, 282-292 Grassberger, M. A ; Reiter, C. ( 2002 ) Consequence of temperature of development of the forensically of import holarctic blow fly Protophormia terraenovae ( Robineau-Desvoidy ) ( Diptera: Calliphordae ) . Forensic Science international 128, 177-182 Gunn, A. ( 2009 ) Essential Forensic Biology. 2nd edition, Wiley 214-251 Payne JA. A Summer Carrion Study of the Baby Pig Sus scrofa Linnaeus.Ecology, 1965 ; 46 ( 5 ) : 592-602. Singh, D. , A ; Bala, M. ( 2009 ) the consequence of famishment on the larval behavior of two forensically of import species of blow flies ( Diptera: Calliphoridae ) . Forensic Science international 193, 118-121 Tullis K and Goff ML. Arthropod Succession in Exposed Carrion in tropical Rainforest on Ohau Island, Hawaii. Journal ofMedical Entomology, 1987 ; 24: 332-339. Wooldridge, J. , Scrase, L. , A ; Wall, L. ( 2007 ) Flight activity of the blow flies, Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia sericata, in the dark. Forensic Science International 172, 94-97 Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Blow fly life rhythm. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nlm.nih.gov/visibleproofs//education/entomology/blow_fly_life_cycle.pdf Accessed 09/01/2010

Pingpong and My Father

Pingpong and My Father Free Online Research Papers Pingpong and My Father Example Admission Essay Question 200 Words or Less I enjoy sports a great deal, especially pingpong. As we all know, pingpong is one of the most popular sports in China. By playing pingpong I am able to keep healthy and find a way to better communicate with my father. When I was young, my father worked for a company located in another province, therefore, he only came back to see my mother and I when he was on holiday. I seldom communicated with him except over the phone. Later, my father was hired by Northeast Electric Power Institute. He began to live with us. In order to improve the relationship between us, one day my father asked me to play pingpogn match wth him, and I agreed. That match was really competitive, and the final scores got very near at last. How soon after that, we played pingpong together once a week. Thanks to pingpong, my father and I become good friends, I like talking with him. It is pingpong that set up the line between my father and I. Pingpong is very meaningful to both of us. Research Papers on Pingpong and My FatherComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Hockey GameRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionTrailblazing by Eric AndersonDefinition of Export QuotasEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Child Abuse and Neglect in the State of Ohio Assignment

Child Abuse and Neglect in the State of Ohio - Assignment Example Child abuse is regarded as a national tragedy that is annually affecting more than three million children and causing the death of three children every day. Statistics indicate that, in the state of Ohio alone, the practice is quite prevalent and it is reported that about 20 children are reported as neglected or abused every hour and with the total number of reported neglected or abused children averaging at around 480 cases per day. It has been noted that most cases involving the neglect and abuse of children in the state are not reported (Congressional Record, 1999). Children are increasingly being maltreated, neglected or even abused in many different forms of ways in the different communities, countries or even social strata. The types and nature of child abuse and neglect can be subdivided into five basic broad categories, these categories are sexual abuse, physical abuse, abuse for commercial purpose, psychological/emotional abuse and neglect (Deb, 2006). In the state of Ohio, the term â€Å"child abuse† refers to exposing a child to victimization via sexual activity. This activity can be informed of enticing, compelling, hiring, permitting, employing allowing a child to act or even model or participate in any production, photograph, presentation, advertisement or any other presentation that the offender knows to be sexually oriented or obscene (Lau, Krase & Morse, 2009). A caregiver or parent committing an action that causes nonaccidental death or physical injury to a child is regarded as having physically abused the child. Physical abuse can be defined as any nonaccidental injury occurring to a child as a result of the actions of a caretaker. The abuse includes the frequent, punching, slapping, beating shaking, burning, biting and kicking of a child (Deb, 2006).

International tourism management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International tourism management - Essay Example Thus, according to Tribe (2008), the goal of critical theory in tourism is critical emancipation where all stakeholders are given the opportunity to benefit from the tourism industry. Against this background, this essay will begin by explaining the meaning of culture then reflect on some of the cultural aspects that can be taken into consideration and the strategies to implement them by international tourism businesses that seek to establish themselves in emerging markets overseas. The Minster English Dictionary defines culture as, â€Å"intellectual, behavioural, and artistic ideas, beliefs of a particular group, time or place or it can refer to any particular stage of civilization.† Simply put, culture denotes the behaviour of an identifiable group of people living in a particular place. It shapes their way of doing things in their everyday life. The cultural and social environment affects the way people live and behave in several ways in that it shapes their behaviour and the way they conduct themselves in society (McCarthy & Perreault 1993 as cited in Bennet 1995). International tourism businesses which are concerned about the success of their business should also be concerned about the following cultural variables that characterise many emerging tourist destinations: language spoken, type of education the people have, religious beliefs, type of food as well as other social aspects such as marriage, families and roles of women among other things. As going to be explained in detail below, it can be noted that all these factors have a bearing on the way an organisation will operate and thrive in foreign land. Whilst it is important for the international tourism company to retain its business goal of generating income, it can thus be seen that the onus is theirs to recognise the culture of the local people in the area they will seek to establish business for their own benefit. It can also be noted that the emerging markets overseas have more to deal with social